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One or two drinks a day increase the risk of cancer in women

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by Cancer Research UK | News

24 February 2009

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Women who regularly have one or two alcoholic drinks a day increase their risk of several cancers according to a new report from Cancer Research UK published today*.

The researchers found that each daily alcoholic drink significantly increased the risk of cancers of the breast, liver and rectum. And, in women who also smoked, it increased the risk of cancers of the mouth and throat.

The researchers found that, among the drinkers, women drank on average about one alcoholic drink per day, which is typical for women in many developed countries, such as the UK** and the US. In these countries where women drink low to moderate amounts of alcohol, about 118 of these cancers are diagnosed for every 1000 women up to the age of 75.

The researchers calculated that for every additional drink regularly consumed each day there would be about 15 extra cases of these cancers diagnosed for every 1000 women up to the age of 75 in developed countries. So among 1000 woman averaging one drink per day 15 extra cancers would develop by age 75, and among 1000 women averaging two drinks per day 30 extra cancers would develop by age 75 and so on.

Overall, about 13 per cent of cancers of the breast, liver, rectum and mouth and throat are due to alcohol consumption.

Most of these extra cases are breast cancer; the researchers estimated that about 5,000 cases of breast cancer in the UK (11 per cent of the 45,000 cases diagnosed each year) can be attributed to women’s consumption of alcohol.

Cancer Research UK scientists at the University of Oxford’s cancer epidemiology unit analysed data from more than a million middle-aged women from the Million Women Study.***

Dr Naomi Allen, lead study author, said: “These findings suggest that even relatively low levels of drinking – about one or two alcoholic drinks every day – increase a woman’s risk of developing cancer of the breast, liver and rectum, and in smokers, cancers of the mouth and throat.”

The researchers found that the increased cancer risk did not depend on what kind of alcohol was drunk – only the amount. For instance, women who drank wine exclusively had a similar risk of developing cancer as those who drank other alcoholic beverages or a mixture of drinks.

Among the women studied, fewer than two per cent regularly drank more than three drinks per day. The study included 68,775 cases of cancer, registered over 7.2 years of follow-up.

Sara Hiom, director of health information at Cancer Research UK, said: “We know that too much alcohol increases the risk of a number of cancers. This latest study shows that even relatively low levels of drinking increase a woman’s risk. It is important that women are as well informed as possible so they can take responsible decisions over how much alcohol they drink.

“Cancer Research UK recommends that the more you cut down on alcohol, the more you reduce your cancer risk. The more you drink the greater the risk.”

*Journal of the National Cancer Institute

** The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2003) published by ONS

** The Million Women Study is funded by Cancer Research UK, and the Medical Research Council.

Ends

For media enquiries contact the Cancer Research UK press office on 020 7061 8300, or the out of hours duty press officer on 07050 264059

Notes to Editor:

The study authors calculated one alcoholic drink to be equivalent to 10 grams of alcohol or half a pint of lager, a 125ml glass of wine or a single measure of spirits.

One UK unit is equivalent to 8 grams of alcohol.

A woman’s lifetime risk for breast cancer in the UK is one in nine. Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK. Each year almost 45,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, that’s more than 100 women a day. Breast cancer rates have increased by more than 50 per cent over the last twenty years. In the last ten years, breast cancer rates in the UK have increased by 12 per cent. 8 in 10 breast cancers are diagnosed in women aged 50 and over. In England the NHS breast screening programme picks up around 14,000 cases of breast cancer each year. The NHS breast screening programme in England saves around 1,400 lives each year.