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Work starts on a cancer vaccine for people with Lynch syndrome

Tim Gunn
by Tim Gunn | News

10 September 2024

16 comments 16 comments

A medical professional drawing a dose of a vaccine from a vial with a syringe
Shutterstock - PhotobyTawat

With our funding, scientists at the University of Oxford are starting work on a vaccine to prevent cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. 

Lynch syndrome is a rare genetic condition that runs in families and increases the risk of bowel cancer, womb (endometrial) cancer and some other cancer types. The LynchVax vaccine could be a way to train people’s immune systems to stop these cancers from developing. 

Simon Leedham, Professor of Molecular Genetics at the University of Oxford, is co-lead of the LynchVax research team. 

“People with Lynch syndrome are at very high risk of developing bowel cancer, womb cancer and other cancers – so much so that they get invited to attend bowel screening appointments at a younger age than the rest of the UK population,” he said. 

“LynchVax has the potential to reduce that risk. While our work is in its infancy, we are excited by the prospect of a vaccine that can potentially be used to prevent the multiple types of cancer that typically occur in people with Lynch syndrome and deliver tangible improvements in survival.” 

The facts about Lynch syndrome

Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, each one containing our DNA, all the genes (or, to use a common metaphor, all the instructions) each of us needs to grow and function. Lynch syndrome is caused by alterations in one of a handful of genes that control how cells repair DNA damage. In some cells, these alterations can result in DNA damage building up until it affects other genes that control growth, increasing the risk of cancer.

Around 1 in 400 people in the UK (approximately 175,000 to 200,000 people) are estimated to have Lynch syndrome. Less than 5% of them (around 10,000 people) have been diagnosed. 

Lynch syndrome is estimated to cause around 1,300 bowel cancer cases in the UK every year, roughly 3% of the total. Up to 7 in 10 people with the condition will develop bowel cancer in their lifetime, many of them before they turn 50. 

People with Lynch syndrome also have an above average risk of developing endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, gallbladder cancer, prostate cancer and cancers of the urinary tract, among other cancer types. 

The first steps towards a vaccine

We’ve awarded up to £550,000 in funding to Leedham’s team, which will enable them to closely study the abnormal cell changes that lead to cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. By analysing these precancerous cells, the researchers hope to identify ways a vaccine could train the immune system to recognise and destroy them. 

“We hope our research will lay the early foundations to potentially prevent these [cancers] through vaccination, removing the fear of cancer from people whose chances of developing it in their lifetime are far higher,” said the LynchVax team’s other co-lead, Associate Professor David Church, a Cancer Research UK Advanced Clinician Scientist Fellow at the University of Oxford. 

Although the LynchVax team is taking its first step towards developing a vaccine and it will likely take years before the technology is ready to be tested in clinical trials, people with Lynch syndrome have already contributed to the project. They will continue to be closely involved as the research progresses. 

Headshot of Holly

“Research should be done with patients, not to or for them”

A patient involvement story

Alongside the scientific work, the team will consult a larger number of people living with Lynch syndrome on their views about using vaccination to prevent cancer. “This is a crucial step in preparing for future clinical trials,” said Helen White, a member of the LynchVax patient and public involvement group. 

LynchVax is one of several projects we’re funding through our prevention research strategy, which aims to use discoveries in the lab to find more precise ways to prevent cancer. This includes research into a vaccine to prevent lung cancer (LungVax). 

Lynch syndrome testing, cancer prevention and treatment

In line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines from 2017, the NHS offers a genomic test for Lynch syndrome to everyone diagnosed with bowel cancer or endometrial cancer. When this process identifies someone with Lynch syndrome, the test is also offered to their relatives. 

Because people with Lynch syndrome who are diagnosed with bowel cancer tend to have tumours that are more responsive to immunotherapies, this testing can also help doctors offer the treatment with the best chance of success. 

As part of the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, people with Lynch syndrome are also invited for a screening colonoscopy every two years. This helps with preventing and treating cancer, either by revealing precancerous cell changes so they can be dealt with before they develop into bowel cancer, or by helping doctors diagnose cancers in their early stages, when treatment is more likely to be successful. 

NICE also advises that people with Lynch syndrome can lower their risk of developing bowel cancer by taking aspirin daily for at least two years. This is based on the findings of the CAPP2 and CAPP3 studies, which we helped fund. Even so, as aspirin can cause side effects and isn’t suitable for everyone, you should speak to your GP or specialist care team before taking it. 

Earlier this year, researchers in England launched the UK’s first national registry of people with Lynch syndrome to help coordinate screening and treatment and support research across the country. 

    Comments

  • Bethan Lamb
    6 February 2025

    I have recently had endometrial cancer age 55. I have no family history of LS but have a MMR 2 and 6 loss. Some past patient data shows that some with a loss in both have not had LS but the BAGP says otherwise. The good work that is being done gives us and the next generation a glimmer of hope. Thank you.

  • Lynchie
    24 January 2025

    Need updates on this

  • Jackie Dalseme
    31 December 2024

    Great news about the upcoming work to create a vaccine for Lynch Syndrome but how do we stay abreast of the progress?

  • E.Bharathi
    17 December 2024

    Great step waiting for this vaccine with 1000 eyes

  • Sandra
    26 November 2024

    I have Lynch which was picked up following endometrial cancer. Thank goodness my daughter does not have the gene . Good luck to the team in your efforts to find a vaccine for future generations.

  • Roger SIMON
    20 November 2024

    I was adopted aged 10 weeks old, and have never met my birth parents, nor attempted to trace them or any siblings if there are any.
    I have recently had a left hemicolectomy , splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy ( aged 71).
    I like many Lynch sufferers have a defective MLH1 unmethylated gene, and have been informed I may have LS.
    I am awaiting further genetic studies, whilst undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy!!. A vaccine for LS would be a great step forward.

  • Lisa Nuttall
    8 November 2024

    I really hope they do find a vaccine as living with Lynch is difficult as is knowing my child may have it. The worry and anxiety can be hard to live with. The colonoscopies aren’t nice and are frequent. I had colon cancer age 34. Skin cancer age 44 and have just had a full hysterectomy including ovaries which has thrown me into full on menopause. My dad had bowel cancer aged 37 and had a number of operations and unfortunately succumb to prostate cancer age 69.
    I think Lynch is more common than they think as many people do not know they have it.
    I pray they do find something to help dramatically reduce the risk. Aspirin does seem to be beneficial, I was part of the clinical trial but is gave me gastrointestinal problems.

  • Dorothy Griffiths
    5 November 2024

    This work is so important
    The difficulty is some Trusts don’t do what is expected under NICE guidence due to lack of funding.
    To be referred for genetic testing is almost impossible.

  • Victoria Ford
    26 October 2024

    I am 78 years old and have been diagnosed with lynch syndrome. My two daughters also have this faulty gene and are tested regularly. To date I have not developed any cancer but wholeheartedly welcome this lynchvax research and hope it is successful.

  • Dee Theis
    25 October 2024

    My husband was successfully treated with immunotherapy following his bowel cancer diagnosis. My daughter was found to have the faulty genes therefore she is being advised to consider having a hysterectomy at 40 years old, which is only 2 years away. A vaccine would be a game changer for our family, as it is likely one of her children will also be carrying the Lynch Syndrome gene.

  • Paula
    25 October 2024

    Having had duodenum cancer followed by Lynch diagnosis. Also having a strong history of bowel cancer within the wider family as a result of lynch. While understandably the main preventative diagnostics focus is on bowel cancer, Lynchies do get other rare cancers and knowledge is key. A vaccine sounds a really positive way forward, if not for me my daughter should she carry the gene when tested in a few years time!

  • Alison Botting
    24 October 2024

    I had a full hysterectomy (age 62), because of endometrial cancer. It was found I had a faulty gene and was put forward for Lynch genetic testing. It took a long time to get a final decision but luckily it was decided I didn’t have Lynch syndrome. After going through all this, having a possible vaccination for people with Lynch can’t be anything other than good.

  • MICHAEL HUGHES
    16 October 2024

    It’s fantastic that they’re working on a vaccine for Lynch Syndrome and I wish the team the very best of luck! It may take years before the vaccine is created, but suffering will be reduced and lives saved if it works. The research might even help prevent other cancers too.

  • Michelle Prudden
    3 October 2024

    I hope that a vaccine can be achieved to help people with Lynch , if not for myself but my daughters & possible future family generations diagnosed with it .

  • kobra noori
    1 October 2024

    I am hopeful that it will be done.

  • Doreen Edwards
    25 September 2024

    Very interesting to read of the article
    about Lynch Syndrome and the work being carried out on a vaccine. Hope it will be successful.

    Comments

  • Bethan Lamb
    6 February 2025

    I have recently had endometrial cancer age 55. I have no family history of LS but have a MMR 2 and 6 loss. Some past patient data shows that some with a loss in both have not had LS but the BAGP says otherwise. The good work that is being done gives us and the next generation a glimmer of hope. Thank you.

  • Lynchie
    24 January 2025

    Need updates on this

  • Jackie Dalseme
    31 December 2024

    Great news about the upcoming work to create a vaccine for Lynch Syndrome but how do we stay abreast of the progress?

  • E.Bharathi
    17 December 2024

    Great step waiting for this vaccine with 1000 eyes

  • Sandra
    26 November 2024

    I have Lynch which was picked up following endometrial cancer. Thank goodness my daughter does not have the gene . Good luck to the team in your efforts to find a vaccine for future generations.

  • Roger SIMON
    20 November 2024

    I was adopted aged 10 weeks old, and have never met my birth parents, nor attempted to trace them or any siblings if there are any.
    I have recently had a left hemicolectomy , splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy ( aged 71).
    I like many Lynch sufferers have a defective MLH1 unmethylated gene, and have been informed I may have LS.
    I am awaiting further genetic studies, whilst undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy!!. A vaccine for LS would be a great step forward.

  • Lisa Nuttall
    8 November 2024

    I really hope they do find a vaccine as living with Lynch is difficult as is knowing my child may have it. The worry and anxiety can be hard to live with. The colonoscopies aren’t nice and are frequent. I had colon cancer age 34. Skin cancer age 44 and have just had a full hysterectomy including ovaries which has thrown me into full on menopause. My dad had bowel cancer aged 37 and had a number of operations and unfortunately succumb to prostate cancer age 69.
    I think Lynch is more common than they think as many people do not know they have it.
    I pray they do find something to help dramatically reduce the risk. Aspirin does seem to be beneficial, I was part of the clinical trial but is gave me gastrointestinal problems.

  • Dorothy Griffiths
    5 November 2024

    This work is so important
    The difficulty is some Trusts don’t do what is expected under NICE guidence due to lack of funding.
    To be referred for genetic testing is almost impossible.

  • Victoria Ford
    26 October 2024

    I am 78 years old and have been diagnosed with lynch syndrome. My two daughters also have this faulty gene and are tested regularly. To date I have not developed any cancer but wholeheartedly welcome this lynchvax research and hope it is successful.

  • Dee Theis
    25 October 2024

    My husband was successfully treated with immunotherapy following his bowel cancer diagnosis. My daughter was found to have the faulty genes therefore she is being advised to consider having a hysterectomy at 40 years old, which is only 2 years away. A vaccine would be a game changer for our family, as it is likely one of her children will also be carrying the Lynch Syndrome gene.

  • Paula
    25 October 2024

    Having had duodenum cancer followed by Lynch diagnosis. Also having a strong history of bowel cancer within the wider family as a result of lynch. While understandably the main preventative diagnostics focus is on bowel cancer, Lynchies do get other rare cancers and knowledge is key. A vaccine sounds a really positive way forward, if not for me my daughter should she carry the gene when tested in a few years time!

  • Alison Botting
    24 October 2024

    I had a full hysterectomy (age 62), because of endometrial cancer. It was found I had a faulty gene and was put forward for Lynch genetic testing. It took a long time to get a final decision but luckily it was decided I didn’t have Lynch syndrome. After going through all this, having a possible vaccination for people with Lynch can’t be anything other than good.

  • MICHAEL HUGHES
    16 October 2024

    It’s fantastic that they’re working on a vaccine for Lynch Syndrome and I wish the team the very best of luck! It may take years before the vaccine is created, but suffering will be reduced and lives saved if it works. The research might even help prevent other cancers too.

  • Michelle Prudden
    3 October 2024

    I hope that a vaccine can be achieved to help people with Lynch , if not for myself but my daughters & possible future family generations diagnosed with it .

  • kobra noori
    1 October 2024

    I am hopeful that it will be done.

  • Doreen Edwards
    25 September 2024

    Very interesting to read of the article
    about Lynch Syndrome and the work being carried out on a vaccine. Hope it will be successful.