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Could tears hold the key to detecting brain tumours earlier?

Headshot of Nisharnthi Duggan
by Nisharnthi Duggan | Analysis

22 September 2025

29 comments 29 comments

Tear dropping down a woman's face.
Our scientists are developing a test to detect brain tumours in tears. Image by Chris Harwood - Shutterstock.
This entry is part 6 of 6 in the series Stand Up To Cancer
Series Navigation<< Personalising anal cancer treatment cuts side effects

Tears can be a sign of sadness, joy and relief. But what if they could also help save lives?

Our scientists believe these tiny drops of fluid may hold vital clues about what’s happening deep inside the brain and could one day help doctors detect brain tumours earlier. 

At the University of Manchester, Professor Petra Hamerlik is leading pioneering research funded through our Stand Up to Cancer campaign to explore this surprising idea.  

A window into the brain 

Early findings suggest that changes in tear fluid could offer an extraordinary window into the brain, potentially helping to diagnose a disease that’s notoriously difficult to detect. 

“Brain tumours are often detected late because their symptoms are vague,” says Professor Hamerlik. “A headache or seizure might be the first sign. Most of the time, it’s just a bad headache, not a tumour. But when it is a brain tumour, the delay in diagnosis can cause huge anxiety for patients and affect their quality of life.” 

Hamerlik knows this all too well. She lost her father to a brain tumour after more than a year of uncertainty.

‘’I don’t want anybody else to go through that anxiety, because I know what we have been through, what my father went through,’’ she says. This deeply personal experience has motivated her to find a better way to diagnose brain tumours.  

The brain’s hidden barrier 

Scientists are exploring all kinds of ways to detect cancers earlier, like analysing bodily fluids for for biological clues. Some cancers shed cells or fragments of DNA into the blood, saliva or even urine and researchers are developing tests to help pick up these signs.   

But the brain presents a unique challenge. It’s protected by the blood–brain barrier, a biological shield that acts as a filter to keep harmful substances out. Crucially though, it also traps much of what’s inside. That makes it harder for doctors to find the biological clues they need to understand what’s happening in the brain.

By the time tumour material escapes into the bloodstream in detectable amounts, the cancer has often already advanced.

To find brain tumours earlier, scientists need to look elsewhere 

Why tears? 

Tears do more than express emotion. They deliver oxygen and nutrients to our eyes, remove waste and protect against infection. But that’s not all, they also contain a wealth of biological information. 

Professor Hamerlik’s team turned to tear fluid because of the close connection between the eyes and the brain. The optic nerve links directly to the brain, and tears are made from blood plasma filtered through glands controlled by the brainstem.

These glands also produce immune comments vital to eye health. That made the team wonder whether tear fluid could be affected by immune changes in the brain.  

“We hypothesised that as a tumour develops, it reshapes the immune system in the brain and that this could be reflected in tear fluid,” she says.  So, she and her team set out to develop a test that could measure these immune changes.

From pilot study to potential GP tool 

It takes a long time to turn an innovative idea into something that could actually benefit patients. In fact, Hamerlik has been working on this project for over 10 years.

She started in 2012. Three years later, once the team had optimised the analytical techniques, she started the first clinical study – a Danish proof-of-concept study involving 164 participants, including healthy volunteers and people with brain tumours. 

The results were promising. 

“By collecting tears using a standard eye Schirmer strip test already used for dry eye disease, we found we could detect brain tumours with high accuracy,” says Hamerlik. 

A decade on, with more biological insights and funding from Stand Up To Cancer, the team are running a large NHS-approved validation study called INFORM. It’s recruiting patients from across the UK, Sweden, Germany, Greece, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to see if the tear test can reliably detect brain tumours in a larger group. 

Three people in a laboratory in lab coats.
Professor Petra Hamerlik with study participant Alex and his wife Emma.

A patient’s gift to the future 

One of the people helping to make the study a reality is Alex Davies, 49, from Lostock, Bolton. Alex has glioblastoma – the most aggressive form of brain tumour – and has donated his tears to the study. 

A devoted husband to Emma and dad to Joseph, 17, and Eloise, 15, Alex was fit and healthy when he collapsed unexpectedly after a weekend away. Initial scans didn’t spot the tumour, and he was treated for epilepsy. Over the next three months, his symptoms worsened, severe headaches, speech problems, balance issues and confusion. 

A major seizure finally led to a CT scan, which revealed the tumour. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed, but the cancer returned and treatment is no longer working. Alex is now receiving palliative care at home and focusing on helping others. 

“Whether the delay in diagnosing my brain tumour would have made a difference to the outcome I don’t know,” he says. “But if by helping with this research it could mean that someone like me can be diagnosed sooner, it offers real hope for the future.” 

Professor Hamerlik is grateful for the incredible generosity of Alex and others who choose to take part in the study. 

“Alex’s contribution, and that of others like him, is helping move this research forward in a way that could transform outcomes for future patients.” 

Man in hospital with a bandage on his head.
Alex in hospital after brain surgery.

What’s next? 

Hamerlik’s ultimate goal is to create a rapid, point-of-care test that GPs could use to decide whether a patient needs urgent MRI scanning. It could also complement MRI in cases where scans are inconclusive. 

“The hope is to give clinicians a quick, reliable tool to triage patients,” says Hamerlik. “It’s not about replacing MRI, but about speeding up the pathway to diagnosis and giving patients answers sooner.” 

If successful, this test could be a game-changer – turning a few tear drops into a vital tool to detect brain tumours earlier.

Nisha

    Comments

  • Paul Henry Darrah
    22 November 2025

    I lost my Fiancée to Lung Cancer at the age of 28 .Which started as Metastasis Sarcoma in her leg .
    My Mum to Breast Cancer which she battled with for 32 years but was lucky enough to trial a new drug which gave her another 8 years of Life , and My Dad to Prostrate Cancer that had not been caught in time, but finally passed with Secondary Bone Cancer.
    It’s been a very Tough journey over the years.
    The Work you and your Colleagues do in trying to find Cures or Preventative Medicines is so inspiring and gives us all some hope of Curing Cancers and giving us longer with our Loved Ones.
    Thank 🙏 you ❤️

  • Catherine Merriman
    12 November 2025

    Wonderful to read such an optimistic story these people should be acknowledged for their tenacious work

  • Dorothy HUGHES
    28 October 2025

    I think this is fantastic research! Praise to all who sacrifice for others in future.. I would like to be updated on results. I’m retired RN & have seen so much suffering.

  • Peter Lawes
    13 October 2025

    I relief to know that there is a possible route to early diagnosis of brain tumours. My wife died of glioblastoma multiform. I hope this current research is a step towards an ultimate cure and prevent others from suffering as my wife did.

  • Jane Syms
    13 October 2025

    Thinking of Hamerlik and his family. Hope that his gift will bring early diagnosis for many Brain Tumour patients. It sounds very promising and non-invasive. Once approved, it will help so many people. Thanks to the Researchers and all those participating in the study. My brother in law’s, sister in law lost her life to a brain tumour earlier this year and she had so much more to live for.

  • Sylvia Gallagher
    11 October 2025

    Every success with the research a brilliant step forward. I have temporal arthritis and often wonder when the pain is bad whether it is something worse happening in my head.

  • Ronald Bennett
    10 October 2025

    I recovered from tonsil cacinoma with surgery followed by radiology. This was 14 yrs. ago and I’m still clear. Around two yrs ago I began to produce tears in my eyes when reading. Mainly in my right eye. I now have a level of confusion whilst reading, forgetting the storyline and dates names etc. I had a period of headaches which was unusual for me. The main problem was for me the production of tears making reading difficult. I also suffered a depressed skull fracture from a work accident when I was 17 yrs old. It required further surgery when broken bone was removed and a plastic replacement was put in place to support my left brow tissue. after reading the article I would like to know if it would be helpful to research if my tears material could be of use. To the research. i am now 77 yrs old and registered for full body donation to medical research after I die.

  • Angela
    9 October 2025

    Thank you for your continued work, I would be happy to contribute if eligible and wish you all the success that your research and continued efforts achieve.

  • David Malys
    9 October 2025

    As a survivor of two brain tumours, which took a long period of illness and various tests being inconclusive before being taken into hospital and the tumours being discovered after scans, this is a fascinating read, which hopefully with further research might help to get people the tumour diagnosis sooner and lead to a higher chance of recovery.

  • Rachael
    9 October 2025

    Oh this is great. I pray God to continue to give us the insite to these treatments.

  • Janet Hulme
    9 October 2025

    This is fantastic and can help people in the future.
    Thankyou to Alex and his family for their bravery and commitment to the research programme.
    Cancer has affected me personally twice in the last 12 months with two family members my mum and husband.
    Any research and support fund raising is so important for the future of positive outcomes.

  • sirri sibian
    9 October 2025

    It is so exciting …., I had a brain tumour and a surgery done in 2023, still having some little challenges with eyes and still under observation. It would be a pleasure to support in any way I can to make this a success. I don’t mind giving my tears if it can help.

  • Diyanne Harding
    9 October 2025

    Reading this incredible research is an incredible insight. We lost a wonderful family member in January this year to glioblastoma. He was diagnosed when I took him to A&E. He’d shown signs of confusion and we thought it was a UTI or possibly a mild stroke. Once these were ruled out I insisted that he had a CT scan.
    They found numerous tumours. Absolutely devastating news! We thought that he would be receiving some treatment but his health deteriorated and decision was made that treatment wouldn’t go ahead.
    Our amazing Brother died in Jan, two months after his diagnosis. Seems very hard to detect unless it points to an obvious symptom. He had been to GP with dizziness and a chest infection. No indication of the brain tumours that were so aggressive.
    Our prayers are with Alex, he is a very special individual giving crucial information to help others going forward.
    That’s an amazing legacy.

  • Ann Jones
    9 October 2025

    What a great step forward. The trouble only being lots of cancers go undetected till it’s too late.How will this stop that?

  • Mrs Yvonne Dawes
    9 October 2025

    I lost my husband to prostate cancer 5 and a half years ago. Now,my long term friend is battling breast cancer.
    Any tests that can give an early diagnosis is fantastic. I suffer from chronic pain, acute migraines and dry eye. I would be more than willing to help this new way of showing potential brain tumours.

  • diane
    9 October 2025

    An amazing innovative research with tears. Thank you for making the world a better planet. I admire your tenacity and care. May all the powers that be afford you every chance of succeeding in all you do. Thank you small words sent with gargantuan support.

  • Mrs Mary Shields
    9 October 2025

    This would be fantastic Happy to donate

  • Susan
    9 October 2025

    I think it’s amazing so many improved treatments and diagnostic tools which have become available in very recent years thanks to your dedication expertise and perseverance..Thankyou..
    I will continue to support in any way I can

  • Jan Hill
    9 October 2025

    They say the eyes are the window to our souls. This research may prove that they are the window to much more. I hope this trial is successful. Thank you to people like Alex & his family for helping with the trial 🩷

  • Kathrin Taylor
    9 October 2025

    I had lung cancer last year waiting for a brain scan in January lung clear at the moment, would be interested in donating tears for research if it would help

  • Margaret ann Jones
    8 October 2025

    This would be a great step forward, to use tears to diagnose a brain tumour before it has gone too far for treatment.

  • Maria Clark
    8 October 2025

    I HAVE ALREADY DONE MY COMMENT AT THUMBS UP.
    THOSE WHO ARE DEDICATED AND WASTE NO TIME ARE ALWAYS THE WINNERS.

  • Mary Josephine Defelice Deane
    8 October 2025

    Fantastic news anything that speeds up Brain tumour diagnosis has to be great news as so many people have suffered in the past and hopefully the future looks bright for people who have symptoms now and can be diagnosed quicker getting treatment in place faster therefore saving lives. Thank you all so very much for all your incredible and dedicated work. I would like to be kept updated as the research continues please.

  • Margaret Murphy
    8 October 2025

    This is brilliant news hope it speeds up treatment on brain tumours

  • Margaret Murphy
    8 October 2025

    This is brilliant news hope it speeds up treatment on brain tumours

  • Alison
    8 October 2025

    I donated my tears in hospital after i got brain mets .

  • Wenfi Beal
    8 October 2025

    I’m looking forward to seeing positives results from this trial.
    It will give hope to many.
    Fascinating reading.

  • Alison Prentice
    6 October 2025

    This is so amazing – excited to see the future and where this trial may lead

  • Rosemary Monaghan
    25 September 2025

    Fascinating research on tears and brain tumour diagnosis. Should speed things up for many people

Tell us what you think

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Read our comment policy.

    Comments

  • Paul Henry Darrah
    22 November 2025

    I lost my Fiancée to Lung Cancer at the age of 28 .Which started as Metastasis Sarcoma in her leg .
    My Mum to Breast Cancer which she battled with for 32 years but was lucky enough to trial a new drug which gave her another 8 years of Life , and My Dad to Prostrate Cancer that had not been caught in time, but finally passed with Secondary Bone Cancer.
    It’s been a very Tough journey over the years.
    The Work you and your Colleagues do in trying to find Cures or Preventative Medicines is so inspiring and gives us all some hope of Curing Cancers and giving us longer with our Loved Ones.
    Thank 🙏 you ❤️

  • Catherine Merriman
    12 November 2025

    Wonderful to read such an optimistic story these people should be acknowledged for their tenacious work

  • Dorothy HUGHES
    28 October 2025

    I think this is fantastic research! Praise to all who sacrifice for others in future.. I would like to be updated on results. I’m retired RN & have seen so much suffering.

  • Peter Lawes
    13 October 2025

    I relief to know that there is a possible route to early diagnosis of brain tumours. My wife died of glioblastoma multiform. I hope this current research is a step towards an ultimate cure and prevent others from suffering as my wife did.

  • Jane Syms
    13 October 2025

    Thinking of Hamerlik and his family. Hope that his gift will bring early diagnosis for many Brain Tumour patients. It sounds very promising and non-invasive. Once approved, it will help so many people. Thanks to the Researchers and all those participating in the study. My brother in law’s, sister in law lost her life to a brain tumour earlier this year and she had so much more to live for.

  • Sylvia Gallagher
    11 October 2025

    Every success with the research a brilliant step forward. I have temporal arthritis and often wonder when the pain is bad whether it is something worse happening in my head.

  • Ronald Bennett
    10 October 2025

    I recovered from tonsil cacinoma with surgery followed by radiology. This was 14 yrs. ago and I’m still clear. Around two yrs ago I began to produce tears in my eyes when reading. Mainly in my right eye. I now have a level of confusion whilst reading, forgetting the storyline and dates names etc. I had a period of headaches which was unusual for me. The main problem was for me the production of tears making reading difficult. I also suffered a depressed skull fracture from a work accident when I was 17 yrs old. It required further surgery when broken bone was removed and a plastic replacement was put in place to support my left brow tissue. after reading the article I would like to know if it would be helpful to research if my tears material could be of use. To the research. i am now 77 yrs old and registered for full body donation to medical research after I die.

  • Angela
    9 October 2025

    Thank you for your continued work, I would be happy to contribute if eligible and wish you all the success that your research and continued efforts achieve.

  • David Malys
    9 October 2025

    As a survivor of two brain tumours, which took a long period of illness and various tests being inconclusive before being taken into hospital and the tumours being discovered after scans, this is a fascinating read, which hopefully with further research might help to get people the tumour diagnosis sooner and lead to a higher chance of recovery.

  • Rachael
    9 October 2025

    Oh this is great. I pray God to continue to give us the insite to these treatments.

  • Janet Hulme
    9 October 2025

    This is fantastic and can help people in the future.
    Thankyou to Alex and his family for their bravery and commitment to the research programme.
    Cancer has affected me personally twice in the last 12 months with two family members my mum and husband.
    Any research and support fund raising is so important for the future of positive outcomes.

  • sirri sibian
    9 October 2025

    It is so exciting …., I had a brain tumour and a surgery done in 2023, still having some little challenges with eyes and still under observation. It would be a pleasure to support in any way I can to make this a success. I don’t mind giving my tears if it can help.

  • Diyanne Harding
    9 October 2025

    Reading this incredible research is an incredible insight. We lost a wonderful family member in January this year to glioblastoma. He was diagnosed when I took him to A&E. He’d shown signs of confusion and we thought it was a UTI or possibly a mild stroke. Once these were ruled out I insisted that he had a CT scan.
    They found numerous tumours. Absolutely devastating news! We thought that he would be receiving some treatment but his health deteriorated and decision was made that treatment wouldn’t go ahead.
    Our amazing Brother died in Jan, two months after his diagnosis. Seems very hard to detect unless it points to an obvious symptom. He had been to GP with dizziness and a chest infection. No indication of the brain tumours that were so aggressive.
    Our prayers are with Alex, he is a very special individual giving crucial information to help others going forward.
    That’s an amazing legacy.

  • Ann Jones
    9 October 2025

    What a great step forward. The trouble only being lots of cancers go undetected till it’s too late.How will this stop that?

  • Mrs Yvonne Dawes
    9 October 2025

    I lost my husband to prostate cancer 5 and a half years ago. Now,my long term friend is battling breast cancer.
    Any tests that can give an early diagnosis is fantastic. I suffer from chronic pain, acute migraines and dry eye. I would be more than willing to help this new way of showing potential brain tumours.

  • diane
    9 October 2025

    An amazing innovative research with tears. Thank you for making the world a better planet. I admire your tenacity and care. May all the powers that be afford you every chance of succeeding in all you do. Thank you small words sent with gargantuan support.

  • Mrs Mary Shields
    9 October 2025

    This would be fantastic Happy to donate

  • Susan
    9 October 2025

    I think it’s amazing so many improved treatments and diagnostic tools which have become available in very recent years thanks to your dedication expertise and perseverance..Thankyou..
    I will continue to support in any way I can

  • Jan Hill
    9 October 2025

    They say the eyes are the window to our souls. This research may prove that they are the window to much more. I hope this trial is successful. Thank you to people like Alex & his family for helping with the trial 🩷

  • Kathrin Taylor
    9 October 2025

    I had lung cancer last year waiting for a brain scan in January lung clear at the moment, would be interested in donating tears for research if it would help

  • Margaret ann Jones
    8 October 2025

    This would be a great step forward, to use tears to diagnose a brain tumour before it has gone too far for treatment.

  • Maria Clark
    8 October 2025

    I HAVE ALREADY DONE MY COMMENT AT THUMBS UP.
    THOSE WHO ARE DEDICATED AND WASTE NO TIME ARE ALWAYS THE WINNERS.

  • Mary Josephine Defelice Deane
    8 October 2025

    Fantastic news anything that speeds up Brain tumour diagnosis has to be great news as so many people have suffered in the past and hopefully the future looks bright for people who have symptoms now and can be diagnosed quicker getting treatment in place faster therefore saving lives. Thank you all so very much for all your incredible and dedicated work. I would like to be kept updated as the research continues please.

  • Margaret Murphy
    8 October 2025

    This is brilliant news hope it speeds up treatment on brain tumours

  • Margaret Murphy
    8 October 2025

    This is brilliant news hope it speeds up treatment on brain tumours

  • Alison
    8 October 2025

    I donated my tears in hospital after i got brain mets .

  • Wenfi Beal
    8 October 2025

    I’m looking forward to seeing positives results from this trial.
    It will give hope to many.
    Fascinating reading.

  • Alison Prentice
    6 October 2025

    This is so amazing – excited to see the future and where this trial may lead

  • Rosemary Monaghan
    25 September 2025

    Fascinating research on tears and brain tumour diagnosis. Should speed things up for many people

Tell us what you think

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Read our comment policy.